Woodruff was established in 1888 and is located in Northern Wisconsin in Oneida County.

The Town of Woodruff, along with Arbor Vitae, are considered the "Crossroads of the North," where Highways 51, 47 and 70 join.

The community was named for the Woodruff-Macguire Lumber Company, which had lumber operations in the area.

The town has a total area of 35.6 square miles, of which 28.5 square miles of it is land and 7.0 square miles is water.  The latitude of Woodruff is 45.896N. The longitude is -89.698W.
It is in the Central Standard time zone. Elevation is 1,594 feet.

The population at the time of the 2020 census was 2,044.